Dental disease is one of the most common health problems veterinarians see in adult dogs and cats, yet it often goes unnoticed at home. Animals are good at hiding pain, and most will keep eating even when their mouths hurt. By the time an owner notices something obvious, the problem may have been developing for a long time.
Knowing the quieter signs can help you bring concerns to your veterinarian sooner.
What Dental Disease Is
Periodontal disease starts with plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on teeth. Over time plaque hardens into tartar and can lead to inflammation of the gums. If it progresses below the gumline, it can damage the structures that hold teeth in place. Much of that damage is hidden from view, which is why veterinarians often recommend dental X-rays during a professional cleaning.
Cats can also develop tooth resorption, a painful condition in which the tooth structure breaks down. It may not be visible without an exam and imaging.
Subtle Signs to Watch For
Bad breath is the sign most people know, but it is far from the only one. Others include:
- Chewing on one side of the mouth or dropping food
- Preferring soft food, or swallowing kibble without chewing
- Pawing at the face or rubbing the muzzle on furniture
- Drooling, sometimes tinged with blood
- Red or swollen gums, or visible tartar near the gumline
- Reluctance to play with chew toys or tug games
- Head shyness, pulling away when the face is touched
- In cats, a scruffy coat from reduced grooming
Swelling below the eye or on the jaw can indicate a tooth root problem and should be checked promptly.
Why Anesthesia Is Usually Part of Cleaning
Many owners worry about anesthesia for dental procedures. Veterinarians generally perform thorough cleanings under general anesthesia because it allows them to clean below the gumline, take X-rays and examine each tooth safely and without causing the animal stress or pain. Your vet can explain what pre-anesthetic testing they recommend and how they monitor patients. If you have concerns, ask; a good clinic will walk you through it.
Supporting Dental Health at Home
Daily tooth brushing with a toothpaste made for pets is widely considered the gold standard of home care. Never use human toothpaste, since some contain ingredients that are unsafe for pets. Start slowly, using your finger or a soft brush, and keep sessions short and positive.
Dental chews, water additives and special diets may also help some pets. The Veterinary Oral Health Council reviews products and awards a seal to those meeting its standards, which can be a useful guide. Ask your veterinarian which options suit your pet.
Make the Mouth Part of Every Checkup
Ask your veterinarian to look at your pet’s teeth during each wellness visit, and mention any changes you have noticed in eating or behavior. Catching dental problems early often means simpler treatment and a more comfortable pet.
