Spring rain leaves puddles everywhere, and many dogs see them as drinking fountains and splash zones. Most of the time, a quick sip does no harm. But standing water and natural water sources can carry germs that cause illness in dogs. Two that veterinarians often mention are leptospirosis and giardia. Knowing the basics helps you reduce risk and recognize when to call your vet.
Leptospirosis: a bacterial infection
Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria called Leptospira. Infected animals, including wildlife like rodents and raccoons, as well as livestock and dogs, can shed the bacteria in their urine. The bacteria can survive in water and soil, especially in warm, wet conditions. Dogs can become infected through contact with contaminated water, soil or urine, often through the mouth, broken skin or mucous membranes.
Signs vary widely. Some dogs have mild illness, while others become seriously ill. Signs may include fever, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, muscle pain, increased thirst or urination, and yellowing of the skin or eyes. Leptospirosis can affect the kidneys and liver.
Leptospirosis is also zoonotic, which means it can spread from animals to people. If your dog is diagnosed, your veterinarian will advise on precautions at home, and you should talk to your own doctor if you have concerns.
Vaccines for leptospirosis are available for dogs. Whether your dog should be vaccinated depends on your region and your dog’s lifestyle. Ask your veterinarian.
Giardia: a microscopic parasite
Giardia is a single-celled parasite that lives in the intestines. Infected animals shed it in their stool, and it can contaminate water, soil and surfaces. Dogs and cats can become infected by swallowing contaminated water or by licking contaminated surfaces, including their own fur or paws.
Some infected pets show no signs. Others develop diarrhea, which may be soft, greasy or have a strong odor. Weight loss or dehydration can follow in some cases. Diarrhea has many causes, so your veterinarian may test a stool sample to find out what is going on.
Reducing your pet’s risk
- Carry fresh water and a bowl on walks and hikes, so your dog is less tempted by puddles and ponds.
- Discourage drinking from standing water, streams and lakes, especially after heavy rain.
- Pick up after your dog promptly, at home and in public spaces.
- Wash food and water bowls regularly.
- Reduce standing water in your yard and discourage rodents by securing trash and pet food.
- Wash your hands after cleaning up after pets.
When to call your veterinarian
Contact your vet if your dog has diarrhea that lasts more than a day, vomiting, lethargy, loss of appetite, increased thirst or urination, or any signs of jaundice. Seek prompt care for puppies, seniors and pets with other health conditions, who can become dehydrated more quickly. Mention any recent exposure to standing water, wildlife areas or other dogs, since that history helps your vet decide which tests make sense.
